Zeitzonen
Die Gebiete der Erde sind in 24 Zeitzonen eingeteilt. Dies liegt daran, dass sich die Erde pro Stunde 15° dreht (15° mal 24h sind 365° oder ein Vollkreis). Die Berechnung der koordinierten Weltzeit beginnt am Nullmeridian der durch Greenwich bei London verläuft. Reist man von Greenwich aus nach Osten so schreitet die Zeit scheinbar voran, solange bis man die Datumsgrenze erreicht. Überscheitet man diese in Richtung Westen, verliert man einen Tag, in Richtung Osten, gewinnt man einen Tag hinzu.
- Die Zeitzonen der Erde
Eine Zeitzone ist geographisch beschränkter Bereich auf der Erde mit einheitlicher Uhrzeit und Datum.
Bei der Bildung der Zeitzonen stand die Idee im Vordergrund, einerseits den Tag am Sonnenstand auszurichten und andererseits Gebiete mit einheitlicher Ortszeit zu definieren.
Zwischen angrenzenden Zeitzonen besteht in der Regel eine leicht zu berechnende Zeitverschiebung von einer Stunde. Das wird erreicht, indem man die Ränder der Zeitzonen an einzelnen Meridianen ausrichtet, beiderseits Spalten von 7,5° definiert und an allen Orten zwischen diesen Längengraden die gleiche Zeit verwendet.
Die tatsächlichen Zeitzonen weichen von diesen Referenzmodell jedoch ab, da die Bestimmung und die Bekanntgabe der Zeit nationale Kompetenz ist, aber auch um administrativen und kulturellen Zusammengehörigkeit bestimmter Gebiete Rechnung zu tragen.
Zeitzonentabelle
| Name | Kurzzeichen | UTC Normalzeit | UTC Sommerzeit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa/Abidjan | CI | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Accra | GH | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Addis_Ababa | ET | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Algiers | DZ | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Asmera | ER | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Bamako | ML | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Bangui | CF | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Banjul | GM | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Bissau | GW | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Blantyre | MW | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Brazzaville | CG | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Bujumbura | BI | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Cairo | EG | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Casablanca | MA | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Conakry | GN | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Dakar | SN | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Dar_es_Salaam | TZ | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Djibouti | DJ | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Douala | CM | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/El_Aaiun | EH | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Freetown | SL | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Gaborone | BW | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Harare | ZW | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Johannesburg | ZA | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Kampala | UG | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Khartoum | SD | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Kigali | RW | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Lagos | NG | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Libreville | GA | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Lome | TG | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Luanda | AO | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Lusaka | ZM | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Malabo | GQ | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Maputo | MZ | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Maseru | LS | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Mbabane | SZ | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Mogadishu | SO | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Monrovia | LR | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Nairobi | KE | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Africa/Ndjamena | TD | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Niamey | NE | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Nouakchott | MR | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Ouagadougou | BF | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Porto-Novo | BJ | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Africa/Sao_Tome | ST | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Africa/Tripoli | LY | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Tunis | TN | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Africa/Windhoek | NA | 2.0 | 1.0 |
| America/Anguilla | AI | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Antigua | AG | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Aruba | AW | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Asuncion | PY | -3.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Barbados | BB | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Belize | BZ | -6.0 | -6.0 |
| America/Bogota | CO | -5.0 | -5.0 |
| America/Caracas | VE | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Cayenne | GF | -3.0 | -3.0 |
| America/Cayman | KY | -5.0 | -5.0 |
| America/Costa_Rica | CR | -6.0 | -6.0 |
| America/Curacao | AN | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Dominica | DM | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/El_Salvador | SV | -6.0 | -6.0 |
| America/Grand_Turk | TC | -5.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Grenada | GD | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Guadeloupe | GP | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Guatemala | GT | -6.0 | -6.0 |
| America/Guyana | GY | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Havana | CU | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Jamaica | JM | -5.0 | -5.0 |
| America/La_Paz | BO | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Lima | PE | -5.0 | -5.0 |
| America/Managua | NI | -6.0 | -6.0 |
| America/Martinique | MQ | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Miquelon | PM | -3.0 | -2.0 |
| America/Montevideo | UY | -3.0 | -3.0 |
| America/Montserrat | MS | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Nassau | BS | -5.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Panama | PA | -5.0 | -5.0 |
| America/Paramaribo | SR | -3.0 | -3.0 |
| America/Port-au-Prince | HT | -5.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Port_of_Spain | TT | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Puerto_Rico | PR | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Santo_Domingo | DO | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/St_Kitts | KN | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/St_Lucia | LC | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/St_Thomas | VI | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/St_Vincent | VC | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| America/Tegucigalpa | HN | -6.0 | -5.0 |
| America/Tortola | VG | -4.0 | -4.0 |
| Asia/Aden | YE | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Amman | JO | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Ashgabat | TM | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Asia/Baghdad | IQ | 3.0 | 4.0 |
| Asia/Bahrain | BH | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Baku | AZ | 4.0 | 5.0 |
| Asia/Bangkok | TH | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Asia/Beirut | LB | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Bishkek | KG | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Asia/Brunei | BN | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Asia/Calcutta | IN | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Asia/Colombo | LK | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Asia/Damascus | SY | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Dhaka | BD | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Asia/Dili | TL | 9.0 | 9.0 |
| Asia/Dubai | AE | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Asia/Dushanbe | TJ | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Asia/Gaza | PS | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Hong_Kong | HK | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Asia/Jerusalem | IL | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Kabul | AF | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Asia/Karachi | PK | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Asia/Katmandu | NP | 5.75 | 5.75 |
| Asia/Kuwait | KW | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Macau | MO | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Asia/Manila | PH | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Asia/Muscat | OM | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Asia/Nicosia | CY | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Phnom_Penh | KH | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Asia/Pyongyang | KP | 9.0 | 9.0 |
| Asia/Qatar | QA | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Rangoon | MM | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Asia/Riyadh | SA | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Asia/Saigon | VN | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Asia/Seoul | KR | 9.0 | 9.0 |
| Asia/Singapore | SG | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Asia/Taipei | TW | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Asia/Tbilisi | GE | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Asia/Tehran | IR | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Asia/Thimphu | BT | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Asia/Tokyo | JP | 9.0 | 9.0 |
| Asia/Vientiane | LA | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Asia/Yerevan | AM | 4.0 | 5.0 |
| Atlantic/Bermuda | BM | -4.0 | -3.0 |
| Atlantic/Cape_Verde | CV | -1.0 | -1.0 |
| Atlantic/Faeroe | FO | 0.0 | 1.0 |
| Atlantic/Reykjavik | IS | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Atlantic/South_Georgia | GS | -2.0 | -2.0 |
| Atlantic/St_Helena | SH | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Atlantic/Stanley | FK | -3.0 | -4.0 |
| Europe/Amsterdam | NL | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Andorra | AD | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Athens | GR | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Belgrade | CS | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Berlin | DE | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Bratislava | SK | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Brussels | BE | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Bucharest | RO | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Budapest | HU | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Chisinau | MD | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Copenhagen | DK | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Dublin | IE | 0.0 | 1.0 |
| Europe/Gibraltar | GI | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Helsinki | FI | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Istanbul | TR | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Ljubljana | SI | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/London | GB | 0.0 | 1.0 |
| Europe/Luxembourg | LU | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Malta | MT | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Mariehamn | AX | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Minsk | BY | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Monaco | MC | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Oslo | NO | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Paris | FR | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Prague | CZ | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Riga | LV | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Rome | IT | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/San_Marino | SM | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Sarajevo | BA | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Skopje | MK | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Sofia | BG | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Stockholm | SE | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Tallinn | EE | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Tirane | AL | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Vaduz | LI | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Vatican | VA | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Vienna | AT | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Vilnius | LT | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Europe/Warsaw | PL | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Zagreb | HR | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Europe/Zurich | CH | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Indian/Antananarivo | MG | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Indian/Chagos | IO | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Indian/Christmas | CX | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Indian/Cocos | CC | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Indian/Comoro | KM | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Indian/Kerguelen | TF | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Indian/Mahe | SC | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Indian/Maldives | MV | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Indian/Mauritius | MU | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Indian/Mayotte | YT | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Indian/Reunion | RE | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Pacific/Apia | WS | -11.0 | -11.0 |
| Pacific/Efate | VU | 11.0 | 11.0 |
| Pacific/Fakaofo | TK | -10.0 | -10.0 |
| Pacific/Fiji | FJ | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Pacific/Funafuti | TV | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Pacific/Guadalcanal | SB | 11.0 | 11.0 |
| Pacific/Guam | GU | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Pacific/Nauru | NR | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Pacific/Niue | NU | -11.0 | -11.0 |
| Pacific/Norfolk | NF | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| Pacific/Noumea | NC | 11.0 | 11.0 |
| Pacific/Pago_Pago | AS | -11.0 | -11.0 |
| Pacific/Palau | PW | 9.0 | 9.0 |
| Pacific/Pitcairn | PN | -8.0 | -8.0 |
| Pacific/Port_Moresby | PG | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Pacific/Rarotonga | CK | -10.0 | -10.0 |
| Pacific/Saipan | MP | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Pacific/Tongatapu | TO | 13.0 | 13.0 |
| Pacific/Wallis | WF | 12.0 | 12.0 |